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发表于 2008-4-23 17:58:00 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">摘要:本文对响度评定值的含义和技术要求,电磁兼容性的含义,电话机电磁兼容性标准,及<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>电磁兼容限值进行了讨论。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        <p></p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  一、关于电磁兼容性<span lang="EN-US">(EMC)</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US">1</span>、电磁兼容性含义及传递途径<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  按照国际上的一般说法,电磁兼容性的定义是:电子系统在规定的电磁环境中按照设计要<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>求而工作的能力。这里所说的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>电子系统<span lang="EN-US">”</span>是广义的,它是指由电子器件组成的电子组合体。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>小到一个单元电路大到一套大型电子系统,都可以看成是电子系统。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  电磁兼容性的具体含义包括两个方面:第一,它是指电子系统与周围其它电子系统之间,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>在电磁环境中互相兼顾而相容的能力;第二,它是指电子系统在自然界的电磁环境中按照设计<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>要求而工作的能力。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  电磁兼容性这一概念,是从过去的电磁干扰演变发展而来的,过去一直认为电磁干扰是来<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>自辐射场<span lang="EN-US">(</span>电场、磁场等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,但现代电子技术中,电路结构设计越来越复杂,使用频率越来越高,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>线路的公共阻抗、导线中的瞬态冲击、高频时的反射作用等都对其它电路有影响。因此,电磁<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>兼容性是电子系统的重要性能之一,尤其是对于通信系统来说,干扰对信号的产生、传输和接<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>收会有严重的影响,直接威胁通信系统的可靠性、安全性和保密性。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  干扰引入电子系统的途径有三个方面,即:近场感应、远场辐射。干扰通过干扰源和被干<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>扰部分之间的公共阻抗而引入被干扰电路的称为传导,公共阻抗可以是各种各样的形式<span lang="EN-US">(R</span>、<span lang="EN-US">L</span>、<span lang="EN-US"><br/>C</span>或它们的各种组合形式<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,而且常与频率有关。对于近场和远场的划分,是以波长而定的,分<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>界点是距离为<span lang="EN-US">λ/2π</span>处<span lang="EN-US">(λ</span>为干扰波波长<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。当干扰源靠近电路<span lang="EN-US">(1</span><<span lang="EN-US">λ/π)</span>时,干扰会通过电容<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>性或电感性耦合而引入电路,这种方式称为近场感应。对于低阻抗电路,电容耦合作用较小,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>电感耦合是主要的;对于高阻抗电路,电感耦合作用较小,电容耦合是主要的。当干扰源离开<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>电路较远时为远场辐射,应按照电场和磁场的组成或电磁辐射来处理。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  因而为加强对电磁兼容性的研究,现在国际上出现了较有影响力的制定并推荐电磁兼容性<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>标准的国际组织,主要有:<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>国际电工委员会<span lang="EN-US">(IEC)</span>的国际无线电干扰特别委员会<span lang="EN-US">(CISPR)</span>,主要研究无线电系统中干<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>扰噪声的测量。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>欧洲电信标准研究所<span lang="EN-US">(ETSI)</span>,是欧共体电信标准发布的权威机构,其中有关电磁兼容的<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>标准基本与德国电器工程师协会<span lang="EN-US">(VDE)</span>所颁布的干扰控制法一致,已为欧共体国家所接受。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(3)</span>美国联邦通信委员会<span lang="EN-US">(FCC)</span>,负责在非政府部门间频段分配与指定,也制定了电磁兼容性<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>的标准。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  我国制定的电磁兼容性标准大多是根据<span lang="EN-US">IEC</span>和<span lang="EN-US">CISPR</span>的相关标准制定的。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span style="COLOR: navy;">  <span lang="EN-US">2</span>、电话机电磁兼容性标准<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span>  目前,针对电话机电磁兼容性技术要求及测试方法的标准有三个:<span lang="EN-US">GB/T 15279-94</span>《自动电<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>话机技术条件》、<span lang="EN-US">YD/T735-94</span>《电话机电磁兼容限值和测试方法》以及<span lang="EN-US">BMB1-94</span>《电话机电磁泄<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>漏发射限值和测试方法》。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在这三个标准中,最早立项的要算是《自动电话机技术条件》,而且初稿当中并没有电磁兼<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>容性的条目。后来由于发生了某电话机厂的电话机出现了电磁辐射较大,造成国家机关泄密的重<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>大事故,国务院、总参、安全部、邮电部等部委联合发文,强烈要求加强电话机电磁兼容性方面<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>的研究。于是便将《电话机电磁兼容限值和测试方法》初稿中的相关内容,移入《自动电话机技<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>术条件》,因此,《自动电话机技术条件》中电磁兼容部分的技术要求与《电话机电磁兼容限值<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>和测试方法》的电磁兼容限值是一样的,而测试方法上,由于《电话机电磁兼容限值和测试方法》<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>在后来几稿中修改较多,造成与《自动电话机技术条件》不尽一致,所以,在电磁兼容的测试方<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>面应以《电话机电磁兼容限值和测试方法》为主要依据。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  《电话机电磁泄漏发射限值和测试方法》是由国家保密局、电子部、邮电部、总参等单位联<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>合制定的,它只适用于党政机关专用电话网上使用的有线电话机,所以,它的限值要求及测试方<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>法要比《电话机电磁兼容限值和测试方法》严格得多。它将电话机按安全距离分为<span lang="EN-US">A</span>、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>三级:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>A</span>级电话机的安全距离为<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">100m</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>;<span lang="EN-US">B</span>级电话机的安全距离为<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="20" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">20m</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>;<span lang="EN-US">C</span>级电话机的安全距离为<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">5m</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>。至于具<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>体的限值要求和测试方法,由于该标准是秘密标准,目前尚不能公开发表。被指定可以进行该项<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>测试的单位有三个:国家保密技术研究所、电子部第四研究所和国家电话机质量监督检验中心,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>只有通过入网检测的话机,在达到保密标准后,才有可能成为保密电话机。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span style="COLOR: navy;">  <span lang="EN-US">3</span>、电磁兼容限值<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>辐射发射磁场的限值<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在<span lang="EN-US">0</span>.<span lang="EN-US">01MHz</span>频段内,距离话机<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">1m</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>的接收天线在电话机最大辐射方向上受到的辐射磁场强度<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>不大于表<span lang="EN-US">1</span>的限值。在重叠频率点处应取较低值。有外加电源的电话机要测挂机、摘机两种状态。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>无外加电源的电话机只测摘机一种状态。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>表<span lang="EN-US">1</span>辐射发射磁场限值<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="mso-cellspacing: .7pt;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">频段<span lang="EN-US">(MHz)</span>                            准峰值限值<span lang="EN-US">(dBuA/m) <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">01</span>~<span lang="EN-US">0</span>.<span lang="EN-US">15</span>                            <span lang="EN-US">24 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">15</span>~<span lang="EN-US">1</span>.<span lang="EN-US">0</span>                             <span lang="EN-US">0 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">~<span lang="EN-US">30</span>                                <span lang="EN-US">-6 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>辐射发射电场限值<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在<span lang="EN-US">30MHz</span>至<span lang="EN-US">1GHz</span>频段内,距离话机<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">1m</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv>的接收天线在电话机最大辐射方向上受到的辐射电场强<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>度不大于表<span lang="EN-US">2</span>的限值。有外加电源的电话机要测挂机、摘机两种状态。无外加电源的电话机只测<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>摘机一种状态。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  表<span lang="EN-US">2</span>辐射发射电场限值<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="mso-cellspacing: .7pt;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">频段<span lang="EN-US">(MHz)</span>                            准峰值限值<span lang="EN-US">(dBuA/m) <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">~<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>                             <span lang="EN-US">18</span>.<span lang="EN-US">5+10</span>.<span lang="EN-US">5log<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="F" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv>10F<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">表<span lang="EN-US">2</span>中<span lang="EN-US">F</span>为测试频率,以<span lang="EN-US">MHz</span>为单位<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US">(3)</span>传导发射限值<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在<span lang="EN-US">0</span>.<span lang="EN-US">15MHz</span>至<span lang="EN-US">30MHz</span>频段内,电话机至用户线上的传导发射应不大于<span lang="EN-US">46dBuV</span>。用户线<span lang="EN-US">OKm</span>、<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="km" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">5Km</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><br/>都应测试。有外加电源的电话机要测挂机、摘机两种状态。无外加电源的电话机只测摘机一种状态。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(4)</span>抗扰度的限值<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">表<span lang="EN-US">3</span> 抗干扰度限值<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="mso-cellspacing: .7pt;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">Ⅰ</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">类<span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">Ⅱ</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">类<span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">辐射<span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">频段<span lang="EN-US">(MHz)<br/></span>干扰场强<span lang="EN-US">(V/M)<br/></span>解调电平<span lang="EN-US">(dBm)<br/></span>解调声压级<span lang="EN-US">(dBspl) <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">15</span>~<span lang="EN-US">200<br/>1<br/>≤-50<br/>≤50 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">15</span>~<span lang="EN-US">500<br/>3<br/>≤-50<br/>≤50 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">传导<span lang="EN-US">
                                                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">频段<span lang="EN-US">MHz<br/></span>注入共模电压<span lang="EN-US">(V)<br/></span>解调电平<span lang="EN-US">(dBm)<br/></span>解调声压级<span lang="EN-US">(dBspl) <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">15</span>~<span lang="EN-US">200<br/>5<br/>≤-50<br/>≤50 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">.<span lang="EN-US">00</span>~<span lang="EN-US">30</span>.<span lang="EN-US">00<br/>logF</span>律线性递减<span lang="EN-US"><br/>≤-50<br/>≤50 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、电话机电磁兼容测试条件<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">  本栏电话机电磁兼容测试条件主要是讨论屏蔽室的要求。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span> 屏蔽室要把试验环境与外部世界隔开,就必须提供足够的衰减量。通常要求屏蔽室的隔离度为<span lang="EN-US"><br/>100dB</span>,并能覆盖五个十倍频程<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如从<span lang="EN-US">100KHz</span>,或从<span lang="EN-US">100KHz</span>到<span lang="EN-US">10GHz)</span>。在屏蔽室中进行测试时,应该<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>注意以下几点:<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>被测样品和测试设备应由三相电源中不同相分别供电,以减少测试设备和被测样品之间的<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>相互影响。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>屏蔽室内不要使用日光灯,因为它会带来一种宽带干扰源。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(3)</span>为使来自墙壁的反射最小,应尽可能的使被测样品、测试设备和墙壁之间保持最大距离。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US">(4)</span>测试时,不必要的人员和物体均应离开屏蔽室,以减少分布电容和反射造成的测试读数的<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>变化。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  综上所述,电话机在新国标中的响度评定值和电磁兼容性的技术规定和要求是随着电信网的发<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>展而完善的,一方面更符合网络的规划,更科学性,另一方面,使用户在使用时更安全可靠,生产<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>电话机企业可以根据要求生产出高品质的产品,而且更适合于国际发展趋势,通过新国标的宣贯和<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>实施,无疑对通信业包括电信运营和制造业界有极其重要的现实意义。</span></p>

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