前两种方式在三星的公开文件当中或可窥见一二:“您需要登陆谷歌账户才能充分利用 Galaxy AI 功能,该账户允许谷歌根据您的互动提供定制服务。”[6],并且在用户使用相关服务时会显示谷歌搜索界面和图标。第三种方式如部分终端厂商与百度云千帆、豆包等云端大模型合作,在操作界面并未明确注明具体的AI服务功能提供者,于用户而言,输入与输出都是通过终端智能体。在此情况下,或可认定为委托处理关系,即终端厂商将面对用户独立承担所提供的AI功能服务涉及的全部数据安全责任。
目前来看,终端实现持续的个性化服务,未来有大概率需要云端数据训练模型,如三星已明确声明“在云端处理数据的功能可能会用于模型训练”,那么,如何解决模型训练过程中有关个人信息的安全以及如何保证用户的个人权利就尤为重要。正如Noyb所提出的那样,智能体可能会错误地判断如用户的婚姻、健康状况、种族与宗教信仰等,并据此给予回答或建议。而用户想要进行更正却很难,因为其并非根据某一个确切的信息输出判断,而是多方数据汇聚判断得到的,并且很难从输入端进行更改。Open AI 在其隐私政策中也曾提出“鉴于我们的模型工作原理的技术复杂性,我们可能无法在每个实例中纠正不准确性。如果需要更正,用户可以填写表单。”[17]
[6]"Use Features with Galaxy AI on Your Galaxy Phone and Tablet." Samsung, Samsung Electronics America, Inc., www.samsung.com/us/support/answer/ANS10000753/ .
[7]MarkWilson. "Apple Intelligence Sure Looks Lame, But It Shows How Apple Can Still Win AI." Fast Company, 10 June 2024, www.fastcompany.com/91138807 .
[8]French, Laura. "Microsoft Rethinks Recall Feature for Copilot after Baklash over Security." SC Magazine, 7 June 2024. https://www.scworld.com/news/microsoft-rethinks-recall-feature-for-copilot-after-backlash-over-security
[9]CNBC. "Apple has 'very serious' issues under sweeping EU digital rules, competition chief says." CNBC, 18 June 2024, www.cnbc.com/2024/06/18/apple-issues-very-serious-under-landmark-eu-rules-vestager.html .
[10]Espinoza, Javier, and Michael Acton. "Apple Delays European Launch of AI Features Because of EU Rules." Financial Times, 22 June 2024. https://www.ft.com/content/360751cb-7a22-48e0-9b00-6a30ff41dcfe .
[11]Fast Company. "Apple Intelligence Sure Looks Lame, But It Shows How Apple Can Still Win AI." Fast Company, 23 Oct. 2024, www.fastcompany.com/91138807/apple-intelligence-sure-looks-lame-but-it-shows-how-apple-can-still-win-ai .
[12]O'Flaherty, Kate. "Apple’s New AI Security Move Explained." Forbes, 22 June 2024, 11:47 a.m. EDT, updated 24 June 2024, 3:37 a.m. EDT. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2024/06/22/apples-new-ai-security-move-explained/ .
[15]Treloar, Stephen. "Meta Faces Norwegian Complaint Over Plans to Train AI on User Images and Posts." Bloomberg, Time, 13 June 2024, https://time.com/6988134/meta-complaint-norway-user-data-training-ai/ .
[16]Travers, Adelin. "PCC: Bold Step Forward, Not Without Flaws." Trail of Bits Blog, 14 June 2024. https://blog.trailofbits.com/2024/06/14/pcc-bold-step-forward-not-without-flaws/ .
[18]The Consumer Voice in Europe. "Artificial Intelligence: What Consumers Say." BEUC, 2020.
[19]dTravers, Adelin. "PCC: Bold Step Forward, Not Without Flaws." Trail of Bits Blog, 14 June 2024, https://blog.trailofbits.com/2024/06/14/pcc-bold-step-forward-not-without-flaws/ .
[20]Travers, Adelin. "PCC: Bold Step Forward, Not Without Flaws." Trail of Bits Blog, 14 June 2024, https://blog.trailofbits.com/2024/06/14/pcc-bold-step-forward-not-without-flaws/ .
[22]Kelsey, Caitlin. “AI Impacts Survey: The Future of Artificial Intelligence and Its Potential Risks.” Vox, 10 Jan. 2024. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2024/1/10/24032987/ai-impacts-survey-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-openai-existential-risk-superintelligence .
[23]Knight, Will. "Microsoft’s AI Boss Wants Copilot to Bring ‘Emotional Support’ to Windows and Office." Wired, 23 October 2024, www.wired.com/story/mustafa-suleyman-interview-microsoft-ai-ceo-copilot/ .